弹性压杆稳定性的一般表达式

本文推导出等截面弹性压杆稳定性的一般表达式。17种在各种边界条件下的弹性压杆的临界压力计算公式均是它的特殊情况。     

焊接切割与火灾

焊割火灾事故呈上升趋势。文章分析了焊割火灾爆炸危险性,并提出了预防措施。     

Thermal explosion of a reactive gas mixture at constant pressure for non-uniform and uniform temperature systems

In this study, the approximate and exact solutions for the stationary-state of the solids model with neglecting reactant consumption for both non-uniform and uniform temperature systems were applied on gas ignition under a constant pressure condition. The criticality conditions for a slab, an infinite cylinder, and a sphere are determined and discussed using dimensionless temperatures under constant ambient and surface temperatures for a non-uniform temperature system. Exact solution for a Semenov model with convection heat loss was also presented. The solution of the Semenov problem for constant volume or density as a solid and constant pressure were compared. The critical parameter δ is calculated and compared with those of Frank-Kamenetskii solution values. The validation of the calculated ignition temperatures with other exact solution and experimental results were offered. The relation between critical parameters form Semenov and F.K. models solution was introduced.     

One-step synthesis of FeO(OH) nanoparticles by electric explosion of iron wire underwater

In this study,we investigated electric explosion of iron wire in distilled water with different energy input adjusted by charging voltage.The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),showing the presence of iron and multiple iron-based compounds oxides with contents influenced by the experimental conditions.In particular,pure FeO(OH) nanoparticles were obtained using electric explosion of iron wire with energy input of 1125 J at charging voltage of 15 kV.Analysis of discharge current and resistive voltage data indicate that the high energy input induced by strong plasma discharge at high charging voltage is a key factor to form FeO(OH).This study presents a one-step method to synthesize FeO(OH) nanoparticles using electric explosion of iron wire.     

Numerical investigation of the shockwave overpressure fields of multi-sources FAE explosions

Shockwaves from fuel-air explosive (FAE) cloud explosions may cause significant casualties. The ground overpressure field is usually used to evaluate the damage range of explosion shockwaves. In this paper, a finite element model of multi-sources FAE explosion is established to simulate the process of multiple shockwaves propagation and interaction. The model is verified with the experimental data of a fourfold-source FAE explosion, with the total fuel mass of 340 kg. Simulation results show that the overpressure fields of multi-sources FAE explosions are different from that of the single-source. In the case of multi-sources, the overpressure fields are influenced significantly by source scattering distance and source number. Subsequently, damage ranges of overpressure under three different levels are calculated. Within a suitable source scattering distance, the damage range of multi-sources situation is greater than that of the single-source, under the same amount of total fuel mass. This research provides a basis for personnel shockwave protection from multi-sources FAE explosion.     

Modeling of the whole process of shock wave overpressure of free-field air explosion

The waveform of the explosion shock wave under free-field air explosion is an extremely complex problem. It is generally considered that the waveform consists of overpressure peak, positive pressure zone and negative pressure zone. Most of current practice usually considers only the positive pressure. Many empirical relations are available to predict overpressure peak, the positive pressure action time and pressure decay law. However, there are few models that can predict the whole waveform. The whole process of explosion shock wave overpressure, which was expressed as the product of the three factor functions of peak, attenuation and oscillation, was proposed in the present work. According to the principle of explosion similarity, the scaled parameters were introduced and the empirical formula was absorbed to form a mathematical model of shock wave overpressure. Parametric numerical simulations of free-field air explosions were conducted. By experimental verification of the AUTODYN numerical method and comparing the analytical and simulated curves, the model is proved to be accurate to calculate the shock wave overpressure under free-field air explosion. In addition, through the model the shock wave overpressure at different time and distance can be displayed in three dimensions. The model makes the time needed for theoretical calculation much less than that for numerical simulation.     

弹药木质包装抗冲击振动防护性能的测试研究

各种形式的冲击和振动构成了弹药储运的动态力学环境,它是造成包装破损、弹药零部件损坏和其他质量问题的主因。通过设计实施部分模拟试验并分析冲击和振动响应输出,测试研究了现役木质弹药包装在内置缓冲材料前后的抗冲击振动性能。     

球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板穿甲破坏机理

为探讨球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板的破坏机理,通过系列弹道试验,对比分析不同初始速度下弹体的变形、靶板的破坏模式以及靶板的破口大小和形状;同时采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对弹靶作用过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:低速斜侵彻下靶板响应非完全对称,根据受力特征可将靶板划分为四个不同区域,即接触区、弯曲区、拉伸区、对称区;薄板的穿甲破坏可分为四个不同的阶段,即隆起变形、碟形变形、弯曲变形、弹体贯穿阶段;不同初始速度下靶板出现四种典型的穿甲破坏模式,随着初始速度的增加依次为隆起—碟形变形、隆起—碟形变形—拉弯撕裂破坏、隆起—碟形变形—拉弯剪切破坏、隆起—拉弯剪切破坏。斜侵彻下靶板破口形状为椭圆形,随着初始速度的增加,破口长径不断减小,形状由椭圆形向卵形过渡。     

基于超细冷气溶胶的油气爆炸抑爆剂研究

为了有效抑制油气爆炸传播,根据抑制爆炸的特殊需要,研究了冷气溶胶抑爆剂新配方,解决了超细冷气溶胶易于团聚这一技术难题。首先采用超音速气流粉碎新技术成功研制了超细冷气溶胶抑爆剂,平均粒度小于5μm。其次通过表面复合改性显著提高了超细粉体的稳定性和分散性,表面改性剂用量的临界质量分数为0.5%。参数测试和灭火实验表明新型冷气溶胶对火焰有强抑制、强窒息作用和对热辐射的遮隔、冷却作用,具有较强的油气抑爆灭火效能;中/小型油料火的灭火时间小于1.6s,抑爆剂用量低于60g/m^3。     

瓦斯爆炸波自激励效应的实验研究

基于爆炸波的发展机理在气体爆炸防护技术研究中的重要性,通过实验对密闭通道中瓦斯爆炸波的传播特征及规律进行了研究。结果表明,瓦斯爆炸传播过程中,压力波对火焰波既有促进作用又有抑制作用,不同阶段的主导作用不同;而火焰波对压力波也会产生影响,不但会加强压力波的超压和振幅,而且会使压力波上升段压缩、下降段拉伸,最终可能发展为爆震波,对巷道内的建筑、设备造成极大的破坏。